How microscopes have contributed to our understanding of living organisms Free Essay Example, 1000 words

With Microscope, scientific community undertook to understand and explore those living organisms. 2) Microscope has helped us to understand the structure of living organisms. It helped us to understand and know that the microscope make it possible to see that living things are made of cells. Some organisms are made of a collection of similar cells that benefit from cooperating. Some organism’s cells vary greatly in appearance and perform very different roles in the organism. Since cells are considered as the most basic structure of any living organism and most of them are not visible to the naked eye however with the help of microscope, we have been able to see the enlarged images of the most basic functional unit of living organisms. In this way Microscope has helped us to explore the most basic level of any living organism’s existence in order to better understand its structure and functions. 3) Pathology is perhaps one of the fields which owe its existence to the in vention of microscope. Pathology is â€Å"that branch of medicine which treats of the essential nature of disease. " The word "pathology" comes from the Greek words "pathos" meaning "disease" and "logos" meaning "a treatise" = a treatise of disease. We will write a custom essay sample on How microscopes have contributed to our understanding of living organisms or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now The word "pathology" is sometimes misused to mean disease as, for example, "He didnt find any pathology" (meaning he found no evidence of disease). A medical doctor that specializes in pathology is called a pathologist. Pathologists are experts at interpreting microscopic views of body tissues. †(Medterms, 2008). From this definition of Pathology it is very clear that the microscope has greatly helped us to understand about the diseases and their underlying causes. Since diseases are caused due to chemical and other imbalances like virus attacks, bacterial attacks on human body which substantially weaken the immune system of the body therefore it is the microscope which first helped us to identify and study these microorganisms so that an external defensive mechanism may be developed to treat the diseases. 4) Microbiology is another field of science which greatly benefited from the contributions made by the Microscope. The scope of Microbiolog y extends to other living organisms also and as such carry a bigger scope than the field of pathology. Microscope has helped us to understand the bacteria, viruses and all other sorts of microorganisms. 5) Above all, Microscope has contributed towards helping us to understand about the chemical structures of the human body and other living organisms.

Kant and Priori Synthetic Truths - 1868 Words

Transcendental aesthetic deals with objects that can be perceived only as far as the mind can perceive it, the mind can only know of those things that we are capable of sensing and feeling. A synthetic judgment is one that connects the concept of B and A, but is not contained within each other. Synthetic truths are those that that are true by virtue of empirical a fact that is to say that its meanings and truths are determined by intuitions which can be representations of something that we hold in our mind. Synthetic a priori truths are necessarily true and underdetermined by sensory impressions, its truths are not determined by truth functional factors alone, and these truths are based on intuition. Synthetic priori knowledge occurs when our mind organizes experiences so that they become necessary and universal facts of our experience, since we don’t experience causation this is how the mind distinguishes between events, it helps us gain knowledge about the world. A priori ju dgments are those that actually exist in the sciences and along with pure a priori judgments in mathematics. A priori knowledge is that which is independent of experience like mathematics. A priori knowledge is known through reason and through an understanding of how something works instead of observing it. Two types of a priori cognition are space and time. This type of cognition is from transcendental aesthetic because it deals with receptivity and how objects can actually be perceived; it is what isShow MoreRelatedThe Supernatural Is Essential In Christianity. â€Å"[A] Supernatural1231 Words   |  5 Pagessupernatural is not explained scientifically, so they simply think that the Bible is a collection of unbelievable supernatural events. However, more significantly, many philosophers and scientists of today deny the word of God because the biblical truth including the supernatural is considered irrational by philosophical or scientific reasons. In spite of their logical reasons, a true reason for their rejection consequently may stem from seeking a new certainty other than God based on the unbeliefRead MoreKants Transcendental Problem: How is Natural Science Possible?1403 Words   |  6 PagesProblem: Kant attempts to answer the question â€Å"How is natural science possible?† (Kant 679R). Natural science in its modern use would simply be called science; it is the systematic body of knowledge that deals with nature. â€Å"Nature is the existence of things insofar as it is determined according to universal laws† (Kant 679R). In understanding nature, â€Å"we are concerned not with things in themselves, but rather with things as objects of possible experience, and the sum of these† (Kant 680L). ThisRead MoreKant And Kant s Metaphysical Theorizing1303 Words   |  6 Pagesmetaphysical theorizing was in large part focused on the matter of how synthetic a-priori judgements were possible. For Kant, the question of how synthetic a-priori judgements operated was central to understanding the nature of human thinking, and to enabling metaphysics. Previously Kant had been alerted to the writings of David Hume. Hume had effectively claimed that knowledge only came from analytic a-priori judgments or by synthetic a-posteriori. Hume criticized the notion of cause and effect, andRead MoreAre There Synthetic A-Priori Propositions? Essay example854 Words   |  4 PagesAre There Synthetic A-Priori Propositions? From a logical point of view, the propositions that express human knowledge can be divided according to two distinctions. First is the distinction between propositions that are a priori, in the sense that they are knowable prior to experience, and those that are a posteriori, in the sense that they are knowable only after experience. Second is the distinction between propositions that are analytic, that is, those in which the predicate is included inRead MoreThe Kantian Revolution: From Metaphysics to Epistemology977 Words   |  4 PagesEpistemology Immanuel Kant is often credited as responsible for the philosophical equivalent of the Copernican Revolution in astronomy. His Copernican Turn introduced the human mind as actively involved in the origination of experience rather than just being a passive recipient of perception. He explains it most thoroughly in the following quote: Up to now it has been assumed that all our cognition must conform to the objects; but all attempts to find out something about them a priori through conceptsRead MoreImmanuel Kant and Moral Law989 Words   |  4 PagesThird Paper: Kant According to Kant, an action can only be morally right when it is motivated by duty alone, as opposed to being motivated by duty and emotion combined or just pure emotion (Kant, Groundwork, 397). In order to defend this statement, I will begin with explaining Kant’s view of morality and what kind of judgments we make in order to discover what morality is and how it relates to the moral law. I will then proceed to explain how Kant defines duty and how it relates to having a goodRead MoreAn Ontological Argument For The Existence Of God1430 Words   |  6 PagesHume’s Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion (1779), Hume has the character of Demea present an Ontological Argument for the existence of God. Demea attempts to argue that God’s existence can be proven wholly a priori and logically, rather than through the a posteriori design argument. A priori arguments say that if the reasoning is valid then the conclusion necessarily follows from the premises, which Dem ea argues is the case when it comes to the existence of god. The following essay will discuss DemeaRead MoreEmmanuel Kant and Moral Theory1589 Words   |  6 Pagesbooks message, which also seeks to show the methodology by which individuals derive moral truths and the fundamental nature of these truths. Overall, Kant s philosophical works are still extremely relevant to modern political and philosophical conflicts and his legacy survives in the essential concepts of liberalism, egalitarian ethics, social contract theory, cosmopolitan global justice, and many others. Kant is also considered the founder of the 18th century doctrine of transcendental idealismRead MoreKant s Philosophy Of Philosophy1220 Words   |  5 Pagesfrom the philosophical teachings of David Hume, when Immanuel Kant—Father of Western philosophy—entered the picture. Kant’s â€Å"central question was whether metaphysics—as the science of being itself—objects as they exist fundamentally and independently of our perceptions and interpretations, is possible† (Richards 1). It is said that Kant was sent to rescue philosophy from the hands of Hume. After consulting Hume’s works, however, Kant came to the â€Å"conclusion that metaphysics was not possible, butRead MorePhilosophy: Do We Have Innate Ideas? Essay1491 Words   |  6 Pagesinnate ideas really exist? Descartes does not put experiences to his philosophy like the other philosophers, Bacon and Hobbes. He believes that we have some innate ideas that self, identity, substance and God are in us as we are born â€Å"most part on the truths contained in the mind†. He proposed an observations from the wax. Whatever he heats or cools the wax, it would still remain the same substance. He concludes that the mind is capable of performing â€Å"acts of intellection† in order to know what kind of

Conflicts in the Process Of Globalization Free-Samples for Students

Question: In what ways has Globalisation been a Conflictual Process? Answer: Introduction Globalization covers a wide area of different political, economic, and cultural behaviours. This term globalization has emerged as the top most discussed word in political and academic debates. Globalization may be seen as one that covers things like free market, the dominance by western life, and introduction of the internet. It may also be defined as the movement of labor and technology internationally. The global markets have evolved over a long period. It has assisted in promoting efficiency through international markets and this has created competition and division of labor (Arkebauer, Miller, 2011). However, the latest social theorists have come up with accurate concepts ofglobalization than the ones given by first theorists. But some conflicts have been witnessed about the debate on globalization. Some debaters have put it that globalization refers to the dynamics in the spatial and temporal channels of social life. Theorists differ about the correct sources of the current shifts in the social human life. However, their thoughts converge that changes in the human life, space, and duration are undermining the benefits of local and international boundaries of humanity. History of Globalization Globalization as a term has emerged very strongly in the last two decades. Academic workers who used the term in 1970s were accurate in recognizing the novel behind it (Modelski, 1972). Since the coming of capitalism, the intellectuals have disagreed about the process of globalization, with some advocating for it and supporting the theories that were started by people like Karl Marx while others objecting it in totality. For instance, in 1839, the English Jonourlist talked about the effects of rail travel by saying that distance has caused the surface of the country be too large (Harvey, 1996). Later, Henrich Heine also reiterated the same thought in his poet. A German social theorist, Karl Marx in 1848, came up with the first hypothesis about the territory compression that dominated his theories. According to Karl Marx, the process of capitalism has enabled human to settle everywhere, and come up with connections everywhere (Marx, 1848). Globalization in Contemporary Social theory From mid 1980s, social theorists have gone above the ideas that were there in the previous thoughts about globalization in terms of compression and space to a more focused view of globalization. However, some disagreements are still existing on the accurate nature of the factors behind globalization, with some theorists like David Harvey (1989,1996) developing on Marxs pioneering explanation of globalization, while other theorists opposing the economic inclusion of the approach by Marx. The problems caused by globalization touch on majority of philosophical questions. For instance, globalization gives a suggestion that many academic philosophers in the developed countries to pay close attention to the discriminated voices and the traditional perspectives (Dallmayr, 1998). Globalization therefore, challenges the traditional perspectives. It is true that countries cannot be described as self-sufficient because still they cannot properly deal with the effects of globalization effectivel y. Globalization cannot work without the division of labour. Division of labor in this context is a case whereby people and economies focus on things they handle better. It is brought by separating assignments in any system of the economy so that those assigned may specialize in a particular area of concern. In this case, the workers will acquire special knowledge and skills in a particular area ("Division of Labour", 2012). Some economists advocated for the division of labor as a way of saving labor. Industrial revolutions era in factories saw people like Adam Smith proposing a division of labor by saying that the aspect of specialization that represents a remarkable increase in production determines the success of industrialization. According to Smith, a division of labor was the driver that changed the economic progress (Channon, 2014). Having workers carry out duties singly reduced the long training time needed to equip workers. Globalization has evolved from several myths. It is believed that it is a rare primary factor that pushes wage moderation that is experienced in low- skilled workers. A more important factor in the growth of globalization is the technology. This will mechanize work since few people are required to handle some jobs. The demand for workers will reduce, consequently, the remuneration for workers will be affected as well (Gevurtz, Gevurtz, 2009). As countries have welcomed globalization and realized a remarkable increase in income, some states are objecting it from the view that it breeds failure. These countries are seen to have remained behind in terms of development. It is believed that through globalization, some individuals have benefited than others. This brings conflict between the developed countries and the less developed ones. Third world countries are reluctant to enter into the international trade because of fear of manipulation by the big countries (Kressel, Lento, 2012). They are worried that their businesses may be swallowed and render them financially useless. The disparity between countries has brought inequality in terms of income earning and social status. Underdeveloped countries find it hard to acquire the latest technology to enable them to carry out their operations as well as competing with the global market giants favorably. The market giants with their powerful technology and tools dominate, frustrate, and kill the upcoming competitors. Over a few decades ago, the income inequality among countries has gone up in most countries. Consequently, income per capita has gone up in almost all countries including the poor ones (Kressel, Lento, 2014). This shows that the poor countries are coming up and will be a better position to take the challenge of global business and start making business ties with their global counterparts. Although the income for the giant countries have risen so much above that of developing countries, they can start building proper relationships to indulge in partnerships and businesses. Apart from income inequality realized by different countries, a research also reveals that there is an inequality that exists between the rich and poor populations in different parts of the world. It is believed that globalization is directly linked to a reduction in inequality. Financial inequality is seen to have been caused by the advances made in technology, and foreign investment the demand for the skilled workers thereby raising the return to skills in both developed and underdeveloped countries (Nash, 2000). Thus, while everybody benefits, the skilled ones benefit most. Entry of firms to global market forced some of them to showcase their superior technologies and powerful brands in order to integrate their systems and organize themselves to indulge in the global market and target to target the middle and upper- income earners. The big marketers mainly target the upper-income clients and they are capable of controlling the world in terms of purchasing and a large share of global market belong to them. The competition thus may become so stiff for the small marketers and this may make them disappear in the limelight of global business. Unless a policy is enacted and put in place to regulate their manipulation power, developing countries may find it too difficult to realize and appreciate the benefits of the global business (Mortimer, 2016). The entry to global market faces not only a fierce competition by the developed countries but also have great difficulties in catching up with the global trends that have been taken by the old marketers called the systems integrators. These firms are so powerful that they have occupied the whole market as they command almost all the supplies and manufacturing sectors. The global market is therefore termed as a very competitive environment that requires proper understanding before one enters into it (Simpson, 2016). The recent period has witnessed an increased level of competition in the global market. Big companies have focused in research based on conditions prevailing in the global markets. Conclusion Division of labor in this context is a case whereby people and economies focus on things they handle better. It is brought by separating assignments in any system of the economy so that those assigned may specialize in a particular area of concern. In this case, the workers will acquire special knowledge and skills in a particular area. Some economists advocated for the division of labor as a way of saving labor. This division of labor is what has made globalization be successful (Undertake business planning, 2007). Countries are thus able to involve and focus in areas that they are well conversant in. It is this approach that social scientists have argued to try to look at barriers to effective global business. Although globalization has several positive impacts on country global businesses, it has been widely criticized by others as a hindrance as well to the development of some underdeveloped countries. Such developed countries have experienced stiffer competition because they lac k proper technological strength and workforce. It is, therefore, important to first put proper structures in place in order to combat the challenges that may come along with it. References Arkebauer, J., Miller, J. (1999). Leading edge global business planning for entrepreneurs (1st ed.). Chicago, IL: Dearborn Financial Pub. Division of Labour. (2012). Long Range Planning, 20(6), 114. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0024-6301 (87)90146-4 Channon, D. (2014). Specialization and Division of Labour. Long Range Planning, 7(4), 90-91. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0024-6301 (74)90225-8 Denhez, M. (2013). The heritage strategy planning handbook (1st ed.). Toronto [Ont.]: Dundurn Press. Dallmayr, Fred. (1998). Alternative Visions: Paths in the Global Village. Lanham, MD: Rowman Littlefield. Edmunds, S. (2009). The role of futures studies in business strategic planning. Journal Of Business Strategy, 3(2), 40-46. https://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb038965 Forsyth, P. (2002). Global Business Organization(1st ed.). Oxford: Capstone Pub. Gevurtz, F., Gevurtz, F. (2009). Business tactics in the global world (1st ed.). Harvey, David. (1989). The Condition of Postmodernity. Oxford: Blackwell. , (1996).Justice, Nature, the Geography of Difference. Oxford: Blackwell Kressel, H., Lento, T. (2012). Entrepreneurship in the global economy (1st ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Marx, Karl. (1848).Communist Manifesto in Robert Tucker (ed.). The Marx-Engels Reader, New York: Norton. Mortimer, G. (2016). Business planning for unintended consequences - good intentions are not enough. International Journal Of Sustainable Strategic Management, 5(2), 87. https://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijssm.2016.080467 Modelski, George. (1972). Principles of World Politics. New York: Free Press Nash, E. (2000). Direct marketing (1st ed.). New York: McGraw Hill. Simpson, D. (2015). Planning in a global business. Planning Review, 23(2), 25-27. https://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb054502 Simpson, D. (2016). Planning in a global business. Planning Review, 23(2), 25-27. https://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb054502 Undertake business planning. (2007) (1st ed.). Cottesloe, W.A.